The Social Penetration Theory Of Communication - 1509 Words

The Social Penetration Theory and Its Application to Plot Lines for Successful Films Everyone goes through situations in which they form new relationships with people they previously did not know. For example, when a student moves onto a college campus for his or her freshman year, the student will have to go through the process of making new friends and getting to know his or her roommate. The social penetration theory of communication explains how new relationships form and the levels a relationship must go through before it can be described as being friends. The social penetration theory can be described as a theory of self-disclosure. Altman and Taylor created the social penetration theory to explain how†¦show more content†¦The layers of self-disclosure can be identified as layers of an onion. Self-disclosure can be referred to as layers of an onion because in the relationship you peel back a layer at a time. The outer layer of the onion is only superficial communication that is not as intimate and can be seen by any of the public. This communication ca n include height, weight, where someone works or goes to school, etc. The inner layer of the onion includes more personal communication that is not always seen by the public. This inner layer can include communication that involves a persons goals, values, and beliefs. In a study done in 2012, bloggers tended to stick to the outer layers of the onion when discussing topics in their blogs (Tang). The social penetration theory and social media’s impact on the theory will be expanded upon more later on in the paper. Two big pieces of this social penetration theory puzzle are depth and breadth of self-disclosure. The depth of self-disclosure is how deep someone can penetrate the layers of the onion or how deep your self-disclosure goes. The more intimate someone is in the relationship the more depth of self-disclosure that relationship will have. Where-as the breadth of self-disclosure is the range of topics in which disclosure takes place within a relationship. Younger people t end to have more breadth where-as the older generation tends to take partShow MoreRelatedThe Social Penetration Theory Of Interpersonal Communication814 Words   |  4 PagesThe Social Penetration Theory interpersonal communication was proposed by the psychologists and theorists, Altman and Taylor in 1973, with the idea of offering an explanation for the closeness or intimacy that can develop between two people. â€Å"The social penetration theory states that as relationships develop, communication moves from relatively shallow, no intimate levels to deeper, more personal ones.†(Altman and Taylor in 1973.) They also proposed that this process towards closeness, is regulatedRead MoreThe Effects of Facebook Communication on Social Penetration Theory1456 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract The Effects of Facebook Communication on Social Penetration Theory This paper examines a possible study to measure how CMC -- specifically Facebook communication -- is changing and evolving social penetration theory (Altman Taylor, 1973). More specifically, the surveys are designed to determine if self-disclosure is happening more quickly in Facebook relationships. Altman and Taylor examine the stages of self-disclosure in social penetration theory and this study will determine if theRead MoreSocial Penetration Theory827 Words   |  4 PagesFounder of the theory The founders of the theory were Irwin Altman and Dalmas Taylor. Altman is a distinguished professor of psychology at the University of Utah whereby Taylor is a professor of psychology at the University of Texas, Arlington. Altman and Taylor developed this theory to provide an understanding of the closeness between two individuals. Apparently, social penetration is defined as a process that moves a relationship from non-intimate to intimate. The theory states that thisRead MoreSocial Penetration Theory : Arizona Sate University1581 Words   |  7 Pages Social Penetration Theory Conner Farquharson Arizona Sate University For a young child, telling a secret to the person he or she likes is a big deal. But the secrets that are told are minor, probably about a favorite item or candy. Not knowing at the time but social penetration theory is going on. Information about oneself is communicated to friends, loved ones, and acquaintances on a daily basis, sometimes without knowing we are revealing personal information. As weRead MoreSocial Penetration Theory : Crazy, Love1117 Words   |  5 PagesMaggie Decena Professor McNelis September 22nd, 2017 Application of Social Penetration Theory The film Crazy, Stupid, Love depicts the dissolution of Cal Weaver’s once perfect life. High school sweethearts living in a suburban town with steady jobs and kids, Cal and his wife Emily share the illusion of a picture-perfect love story. However, when Emily reveals her act of adultery, she asks Cal for a divorce. Cal falls into a deep depression that leads him to bask in his sorrows at singles barsRead MoreAnalysis Of 500 Days Of Summer1714 Words   |  7 Pagesimportant communication theory. In this paper, I would like to focus on the social penetration theory revealed in 500 Days of Summer. In this movie, some essential perspectives of penetration theory are revealed: depth and breadth of penetration, stages of the penetration theory, and verbal and non-verbal communication. In this essay, I am going to discuss these three characteristics revealed in the movie, 500 Days of Summer with my observations. First of all, depth and breadth of penetration is revealedRead MoreSocial Penetration Theory And The Theory981 Words   |  4 Pages Social Penetration Theory Yunsik Jung Western Kentucky University Abstract Irwin Altman and Dalmas Taylor originally created the Social Penetration Theory and the theory deals with the ways in which relationships develop and progress. It explains how communication enriches the relationship of two or more individuals. The theory states that closeness develops if communication begins at relatively shallow non-intimate levels and moves in gradual and orderly fashion to deeper more personal levelsRead MoreSocial Penetration Theory By Irwin Altman And Dalmas1511 Words   |  7 Pages Irwin Altman and Dalmas introduces Social Penetration theory in chapter 8 and they explain the theory as â€Å"the idea that relationships become more intimate over time when partners disclose more and more information about themselves† (Littlejhon, 2002). This paper will showcase social media and how it relates to how individuals self-disclose in social penetration theory. A short history of social media and the direction it’s headed will also be included. Facebook, a platform has become a phenomenonRead MoreThe Breakfast Club Movie Analysis1668 Words   |  7 Pagesfirsthand. Throughout the movie, communication and the formation of relationships prove to be main focal points. Using concepts such as the Social Penetration Theory, the Uncertainty Reduction Theory, and the Turning Point Model, the famous movie The Breakfast Club successfully demonstrates the many forms of interpersonal communication and the stages of relationship development. The first theory exemplified in the film is the Social Penetration Theory. This theory, developed by Dalton and TaylorRead MoreSocial Penetration Theory ( Altman And Taylor s Theory882 Words   |  4 Pages Social Penetration Theory Hermeet Kalsi, Ancheta Aaron, Millie, Stephanie, Lucà ­a Skinner Mission College â€Æ' Social Penetration Theory (Altman and Taylor’s, 1973) The Social Penetration Theory interpersonal communication was proposed by the psychologists and theorists, Altman and Taylor in 1973, with the idea of offering an explanation for the closeness or intimacy that can develop between two people. â€Å"The social penetration theory states that as relationships develop, communication

Columbine Shooting Free Essays

Most people woke up to a day like any other except two teenagers, Dylan Keyhole and Eric Harris. They took guns with them to their school, Columbine High School, stood at the west entrance ready to shoot students. Thirteen people where killed by this incident and twenty were hurt. We will write a custom essay sample on Columbine Shooting or any similar topic only for you Order Now Then Dylan and Eric killed themselves, leaving us with the mystery of why they had done what they did. Dylan Keyhole and Eric Harris were teenagers who worked In a pizza parlor together. They were involved In sports In middle school but not In high school. Dylan and Eric were part of a group of kids that dressed Goth. Other kids considered them â€Å"uncoil†. They had been planning the Columbine shooting for almost a year. We sometimes try to look for someone to blame. In this case more than one person could have contributed to these actions. Dylan and Erie’s parents could have paved more attention to how they were acting, looked In their room, or sat down and talked to them. There were probably kids that would make fun of Dylan and Eric. Also the searchers could have noticed something such as if they were not getting good grades. Any one of these could have preventing this massacre from happening. What many people don’t understand is why this happened. But we may never know this because the answer disappeared when Dylan and Eric killed themselves. Professionals have studied the situation. What some people think happened was Eric killed out of anger and a wish to live alone and Dylan killed out of depression and did not feel loved. They also might have done it for revenge of being judged and treated badly by other students. There are a lot of movies, books, television shows, and video games that show violence with guns and people dying. The amount of violence in the media makes some people act more violent towards others. The more violence they see, the more they may feel like it is all right to hurt others. People should limit the amount of time they spend on games and shows with violent content so that they do not get violent urges to hurt others. There is an old saying that it takes a village to raise a child. Not only should the parents raise a child, but also other members of society should help influence kids in positive manner. Teachers should have stepped in if they saw bad behavior from these boys or from other kids picking on these kids. If other students noticed negative things going on with these boys then they should have reported It. We all have to help to make our world a better place. The Columbine Shooting had a very big Impact on society. It changed the school security forever. Dylan Keyhole and Eric Harris may have had different views on society and different motives but they had the same desire to do something self- satisfying and die that same day. Fifteen year later people are still trying to find answers. Columbine Shooting By gazillion At 1 1 on April 20, 1999 one of the worst tragedies involving kids occurred in Dylan Keyhole and Eric Harris were teenagers who worked in a pizza parlor together. They were involved in sports in middle school but not in high school. Dylan attention to how they were acting, looked in their room, or sat down and talked to not feel loved. They also might have done it for revenge of being Judged and treated negative things going on with these boys then they should have reported it. We all The Columbine Shooting had a very big impact on society. How to cite Columbine Shooting, Papers

Media Influence On Sport Essay Example For Students

Media Influence On Sport Essay When communication is spread not just between two individuals but rather betweentens of millions of people it is known as mass media. Mass media is known as thecentral nervous system of society. Mass media has many different purposes,such as providing information, entertaining, persuading and also by carrying avague general function of culture to millions of people.(Frederick 18). Inorder for mass media to exist, there must be an audience. Todays society isvery selective; each receiver reacts differently through his or her ownexperience and orientation according to mass media. Therefore, mass media existsin many different forms such as magazines, television, newspapers, internet,motion pictures, and even plays. Some examples of these forms of mass media arecosmopolitan magazine for young modern women and TSN television network forsports fans. With such extreme varieties of mass media existing in todayssocieties there are three major constraints that seem to have an impressionableimpa ct. These constraints can keep mass media very restricted. The majorconstraint of mass media is competition. Each form of mass media wants to be theone to target the audience, so therefore competition between mass media is verystrong, because capturing the inside of the sports world is critical. Apart fromthe competition among the various forms of media there is also competition amongeach form of the media example Fox network competes with all television networksfor a market share of the audience. Network companies such as Fox buy thecontracts to show American football games for millions of dollars, which they inturn make their money back through companies wanting to advertize on theirnetwork during these football games. The audience Fox attracts by showing thesegames also provides an audience for companies wanting to advertise theirproducts and provides potential customers for their products. This life cycleexists in all forms of media apart from just television, newspapers try to coverthe best stories in all areas of life from tradegy to sports and entertainment. From a sociological stand point in todays society sex and violence attractsaudiences. By examining the internet, which is the newest form of mass mediainternet companies that provide the most outrageous websites with sex andviolence are the most watched websites. Media Companies compete with each otheron those levels by looking at what attracts the most attention and trying toprovide it. Although the audience are the ones who decide what information isimportant and this decides what groups of mass media get the most attention theinfluence of the media in todays world really guides them in helping them makethat decision without their actual knowledge. If your story isnt important tothe audience then your media is taking up space, so therefore you either have toproduce what the audience wants or you will not be able to survive in thecompetitive world of mass media. In order to survive in society you must offerthe general public information they are interested in. Money also putsconstra ints on what an individual gets to know. If a person cant afford to buya television that is restricting them on the knowledge that they are able toconsume. Also, companies run on budget plans, and if there is no money in thebudget, they are unable to provide information to a society. For every storythat is produced, or every television commercial aired that could have been manymore, to follow. But with limited money in the budget plans, an audiences viewalso becomes very limited, because if the media doesnt have the money toproduce the information that is information that a society loses out on. Time isalso another constraint because is doesnt make a difference on the amount ofmedia there is, there will only be twenty four hours in each day and not all apersons time can be devoted to the effects of mass media. With theconsideration of all these constraints this may create many difficulties formass media, these difficulties will have a reflection on society as well. Inmedia these con straints are known as noise. All media within each othercreate noise, but with all the conflicting views, within lies a pattern, thatshows some element of truth. (Frederick 10). The purpose of this paper isto state how mass media influences sport. The point that is being made in thispaper is to show how mass media influences society, and how it influences sportswithin a society. To show how sport influences society, the game of basketballwill be used. Mass media is a reflection of society. Mass media areessential agents of social change, and the specific kind of social change theyare expected to help accomplish in the transition to new customs and practices,and in some cases, to different social relationships. (Dseuza 27). Alsoagents of social control exist. As a result of all these alterations asignificant change in an individuals attitudes, beliefs, skills and social normsmay result. Before the existence of radio, mass media were barely existentexcept in print. But with all the de velopments in technology mass mediacontinually progresses, in many different directions. Different individuals areselective in the way that they let mass media influence their lives. Forexample, if a person decides to read a book they are getting to determine whataspects of the mass media they consume. Books are the most individual ofmass media. (Frederick 156). But when a person watches television it isnot as personal as reading a book, television is built into society. Televisions commercial and entertainment emphasis both reflect and affect thehedonistic and acquisitive nature of contemporary America. (Frederick264). With the constant production of commercials and varying types ofentertainment there seems to rising controversy throughout society. Mass mediahas many positive effects on many people, in countries such as India, mass mediahad made a tremendous change. People in rural communities are now able tocommunicate back and forth, children of this country are now able to obtai n andexpand on their education, there are continuous improvements in their healthcare system and even modern agricultural techniques are being developed. Theseresults of the mass media in India have had many positive effects on theirsociety. But not everybody agrees that mass media has had a positive effect,some believe that it has damaged societies beyond repair. Since mass media hassuch an overwhelming influence on society, it may end up shaping the way andindividual thinks. A good example of this is through advertising. It isadvertising, by large, that supports the United States pervasive andextraordinary diverse mass media system. Advertising major focus is the betteryou display a commodity the more of the commodity you sell. The private sectorgives the advertising industry the money to sell their products, and the companythat offers the most capital is the one who gets their product aired. This iswhere one of our major constraints, known as, competition comes into play. Whatever company holds the most capital decides what we as a society get toconsume. Advertisers will say that they produce what the consumer demands but onthe other hand they are putting many limits on what we get to consume. With theconstant growth of mass media many individuals have been offered tremendousopportunities. This paper will use the influences of mass media in the world ofsports, too show examples of these opportunities. Both the positive and negativeeffects of the mass media will be outlined. The first reported Sports Coverageappeared on May 5 1733. Reporters used to report on the philosophy. Electronicmedia: (i.e. type written stories), started to be used in 1850. In the 1920sradio stations started to broadcast sporting events live. ExperimentalTelevision broadcast where started in the 1950s. Sports Illustrated prints anaverage of three million copies per week. Sport has become an influentialpart of the entertainment industry, the mass media (particularly television)ha ve become intimately involved in the growth, production, and control of modernsports. ( McPherson 146). The term mass media provides informationdescribes the process that allows people to communicate rapidly andsimultaneously with a large percentage of the population. ( McPherson146). In our society sports are a major part of a new mass culture, as well aspopular music, movies and television shows. Most people watch sports through thetelevision. People also follow sport thought magazines and radio. From watchingthe television programs and reading the reports our society learns to loveand/or hate the sports icons in our world. The media does not seem to holdanything back. Media coverage is not just limited to professional sports. Theycover amateur sports as well. These sports are covered at a local, provincialand national level. Coverage is from anywhere from little league to collegesports. We as a society like to know all the information about our sportsheroes. The mass media is mor e then willing to provide us with this information. La Amistad EssayAt the time peoples interest in the sport was growing rapidly mainly because ofthe transformation of the sport from a recreational sport to a competitivesport. Universities and private businessmen who spotted the potential success ofthe sport invested their capital in building stadiums for athletes of the sportto compete. In the early 1950s professional leagues were starting to developacross the United States as more private business men realized profits inrelative terms meaning essentially the profits made were considered great inthat time period. At the time the main form of media in households across theUnited States was the radio and newspaper few households had televisions andlive coverage of games were seen by a few. The rules and the format of the gamehad to be changed to make the game more interesting to fans of the sport andmany sports historians contribute basketball transformation over the years tothe media involvement. Media coverage of sporting events s uch as basketball grewdramatically as more and more households had both radios and televisions. Infact the television a medium contributed the most to the transformation ofbasketball. The media has shaped the publics opinion on basketball and throughthe media people seem to have a more profound interest in the sport ofbasketball. In the early years of basketballs introduction to the western worldthe average age for men to participate in the sport was 17 years old now boysand girls start from the early age of 7 years old. The participation level inthe sport was heavily influenced by the media, the sport which was label a malesport has now seen a drastic increase in women participation over the years duemainly to media attention and coverage. In the 1950s and 1960s athletescompeting in the professional leagues of basketball did not even make enoughmoney sometimes to support themselves and had to find other jobs part time togenerate a better source of income. The main mental frame of m ind of athletes inthat sport in the 1950s was winning. Today with media coverage and the averagelife span of a players career increasing most players in their early years tryto make money through endosments and large contract deals and do not concentrateon the main goal of a competitive sport which is winning until the later stagesof the career when money no longer becomes an issue. In the NBA, media coveragehas increased the capacity of fans for teams mainly due to the factthat the invention of television and other technological advancements whichattempts to bring the games and players into the households. People no longerhave to attend games to be considered a fan of the sport or cheer their favoriteteam or player. Fans of the sport can enjoy the entertainment of a basketballgame in the pleasure of their home which in sense could be considered betterthan actually going to the game live because it is much cheaper than going tothe game. Media coverage of basketball extends further t han just the NBA to highschool, NCAA (collegiate basketball) and both sexes male and female areshowcased nowadays, although basketball was considered a male sport. The mediaattention on womens basketball has actually increased women participation inbasketball and could be considered the main contributor to the expansion ofwomens basketball although women actually fought against sexism in basketballthe media really helped their expansion efforts. The media has really expandedthe game of basketball to international arenas and countries have nowestablished their own leagues, which are actually competitive with Americanleagues such as the NBA and CBA. Media in all forms has created such an audiencefor the sport of basketball countries with established leagues compete forplayers with the NBA although they probably dont get the best players as yetbut the growth of these leagues show the potential to reach the status of theNBA some day. The media could take full responsibility of creating the growth ofbasketball in the world, most schools and government programs that providerecreation for children and adults build basketball courts, which shows thegrowth of the sport, which is as a direct result of media, attention. To reallyevaluate the effects of the media in sport focusing on basketball the positiveand negative aspects should be analyzed. Some of the positive and negativeaspects of the media on the sport of basketball are mentioned below. POSITIVEeffects of the Media 1. The media has given the sport exposure to a much largeraudience than just the people in attendance at the games. This means people wholike to watch the sport but cant afford to go to the games live can watch it intheir home or listen or read the results of the game in newspapers or on theInternet which is also an extension of the media. 2. Media attention on thesport has created such a financial market for the sport universities and highschools have basketball programs which gives children who exce l in the sport andcannot afford post secondary education a chance to attend university and apossible career in the sport. Athletes are now recognized for their abilitiesand are given scholarships and grants to attend university, which is a result ofthe media giving exposure to the sport. 3. The media has expanded the womensequality struggles into the sport of basketball by giving women exposure in thesport as actual athletes and not their traditional roles women were thought ofas the cheerleaders of the sport. Girls growing up can now identify with femaleathletes in basketball as role models and encourages them to participate in thesport. 4. The media caused players of the sport particularly on a professionaland collegiate level to have discipline and morals mainly because of theexposure the media gives these players to fans which causes them tobe considered role models. 5. Basketballs growth on a financial aspect is adirect result of the media, in the past the salaries of athletes in theprofessional leagues are non comparative with the salaries of the athletestoday, because the media provides a larger audience which provides revenue toteams and players get a share of this new wealth. 6. Basketball players are nowseen as role models through the media and people try imitating their basketballheroes to the extent players with charismatic personalities and excellentbasketball skills are paid to endorse products. Such basketball players such asMichael Jordan, Shaquille ONeal and Grant Hill to name a few are seen as heroesto people and given contracts to endorse products. NEGATIVE effects of the Media1. The media attention on players lives goes beyond the basketball court andgoes into their private lives which gives players no privacy. The media forcesathletes to live as almost a saint status and the media scrutinizes their everymove. Professional athletes have limited public access because they are notconsidered normal citizens. Recently Kareem Abdul Jabbar was ar rested forsmoking marijuana while driving and the media exposed such a private aspect ofhis life to the general public. Michael Jordan was accused of having a gamblingproblem because he went to a casino and lost 2 million dollars which is a lot toan average person but pocket change to him. 2. Basketball players especially onthe professional level are considered above the law as a direct result of themedia because their status puts them into a different category than the generalpublic. When Latrell Sprewell choked his coach his case was treated differentlythan a normal person doing that same crime his punishment was much less severethan a normal person. There are other positive and negative effects of the mediaon basketball but it is actually worth noting the growth success of the sport isa result of the media attention it has received in the past and present. Themedia is a positive influence on sport in general and some negative effects mustbe present since nothing in the world is p erfect without any side effects ornegative effects.